Category: History

Like the Roman, forty years and ten million immigrants ago

Here is the full text of Enoch Powell’s speech to the Annual General Meeting of the West Midlands Area Conservative Political Centre, at the Midland Hotel, Birmingham on 20th April 1968.

The supreme function of statesmanship is to provide against preventable evils. In seeking to do so, it encounters obstacles which are deeply rooted in human nature. One is that by the very order of things such evils are not demonstrable until they have occurred: at each stage in their onset there is room for doubt and for dispute whether they be real or imaginary. By the same token, they attract little attention in comparison with current troubles, which are both indisputable and pressing: whence the besetting temptation of all politics to concern itself with the immediate present at the expense of the future.

Above all, people are disposed to mistake predicting troubles for causing troubles and even for desiring troubles: “If only,” they love to think, “if only people wouldn’t talk about it, it probably wouldn’t happen.” Perhaps this habit goes back to the primitive belief that the word and the thing, the name and the object, are identical.

At all events, the discussion of future grave but, with effort now, avoidable evils is the most unpopular and at the same time the most necessary occupation for the politician. Those who knowingly shirk it deserve, and not infrequently receive, the curses of those who come after.

A week or two ago I fell into conversation with a constituent, a middle-aged, quite ordinary working man employed in one of our nationalised industries. After a sentence or two about the weather, he suddenly said: “If I had the money to go, I wouldn’t stay in this country.” I made some deprecatory reply to the effect that even this government wouldn’t last for ever; but he took no notice, and continued: “I have three children, all of them been through grammar school and two of them married now, with family. I shan’t be satisfied till I have seen them all settled overseas. In this country in 15 or 20 years’ time the black man will have the whip hand over the white man.”

I can already hear the chorus of execration. How dare I say such a horrible thing? How dare I stir up trouble and inflame feelings by repeating such a conversation?

The answer is that I do not have the right not to do so. Here is a decent, ordinary fellow Englishman, who in broad daylight in my own town says to me, his Member of Parliament, that his country will not be worth living in for his children. I simply do not have the right to shrug my shoulders and think about something else. What he is saying, thousands and hundreds of thousands are saying and thinking - not throughout Great Britain, perhaps, but in the areas that are already undergoing the total transformation to which there is no parallel in a thousand years of English history.

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Rivers of Blood, from the BBC’s White season

The only programme of the five in the BBC2 White season which has garnered any kind of praise from right-thinkers is “Rivers of Blood”, a surprisingly sympathetic and rounded portrayal of the great and courageous Enoch Powell.  Naturally, it has found its way onto YouTube.  My thanks to wintermute for sending me links to all six parts.

Part 1

Part 2

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An interest in Carl Schmitt

Last month I put up a brief post titled Leviathan Rising.  It speculated on the general policy direction by which the transformation to a Leviathan superstate might be effected.  Of course, the times would be characterised by trauma injury to European societies made raceless, and therefore loveless and powerless - for without love between the people there can be no strength in them.

The approach of this condition we can all surmise from the evidence about us.  We read and write about it every day.  But let’s venture beyond.

In my post I argued that the “detachment into domestic policy blandness and irrelevance, and the shift to action abroad” would be the sign that the totalitarian Rubicon had finally been crossed.  But actually, I’ve just come across a better formulation from Leo Strauss in writings about his teacher, the great German jurist Carl Schmitt: “[It] would be a world of entertainment without politics and the possibility of struggle.” Recognise that?

Now, sixty-three years after the extinction of the system he helped to theorise, Schmitt is still the pre-eminent authority on matters of total dominion?  Addressing the riddle of how to despatch liberal democracy without triggering what Habermas has termed “the legitimation crisis”, he formulated a legal and philosophical legitimisation for dictatorship.  This he did through a number of influential works in the years up to 1933, when he finally joined the Nazi Party.  His thought, however, reduces to four core concepts:-

1. The concept of “Exception” from the normal restraints on state power in the absence of order.

2. The concept of “The Political”, as the dominion or theatre of action for the state (and the state alone).

3. The concept of “friend/enemy”.  In the racial sense applying in National Socialist Germany, this could be seen as the division into in-group/out-group from the standpoint of the state.  In our age, the “enemy” is European Man.  But it need not be racial, of course, and indeed is really just a means of defining the activism of “The Political” (or the interests of the elite).

4. “Nomos” or the historic dynamic out of which grew the European Age or Global Order of the 18th and 19th centuries, which Schmitt idealised and at the summit of which placed the development of the sovereign state.

It should be no surprise that for well over a decade now Carl Schmitt has been an object of study and fascination both on the liberal-left and the Straussian right.  I will explore some of his ideas in greater depth later on.  But to give you a flavour of the man I’m going to end this post with the transcripts from his interrogations at Nuremberg.

He was arrested by the Russians in Berlin in April 1945, interrogated and then released.  But six months later he was arrested by the Americans at the instigation of German Jews in OMGUS (Office of Military Government, United States), and interned until March 1947.  He was then interrogated by a prosecutor for the War Crimes Trials, Robert M. W. Kempner, on three occasions.  Here are the full transcripts of those interviews:-

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The black ones they sent back

From the Telegraph, a perfect and equable example of preserving genetic interests:-

Mixed-race babies ‘were sent to the US’

Thousands of illegitimate mixed-race children fathered by American GIs were given up by their British mothers and shipped across the Atlantic, according to newly released papers.

The issue of how to deal with the unwanted offspring of the illicit affairs divided the country towards the end of the Second World War and exposed the racial prejudices of the time.

The problem began to emerge in 1944, when increasing numbers of US servicemen were stationed around Britain.  Many of the women they fathered children with were wives of British soldiers fighting abroad.  The documents suggest that where the baby was white it was often possible for husband and wife to be reconciled and keep the child. However, this was rarely possible when the child was mixed race.

... The files, released today by the Public Records Office in Kew, include a letter from a Miss O. Clarke to her MP suggesting the babies be placed in West Indies mission schools.  However, a Whitehall official wrote to the MP in July 1944: “The proposed solution is high-handed and - if confined to coloured illegitimates - has a Herrenrasse (master race) flavour not now popular.”

By the end of the war pressure was mounting on the Government to take action.  In letters to the Ministry of Health in December 1945 and March 1946 Harold Moody, founder of the League of Coloured Peoples, said Britain and the US must treat each baby as a “war casualty” and warned: “Our anxiety is to forestall a social problem which might not only affect the life of this country but which might also affect Anglo-American relations.”

In response Aneurin Bevan, health minister, said his policy was to encourage mothers to keep their children, or failing that to tackle the shortage of places in homes.

The Home Office, however, differed and one official wrote: “Provided it is clear that the mother does not want the child and there is a reasonably satisfactory home in the US the child will have a far better chance if sent at an early age to the US than if it brought up in this country.”

Well, let’s be clear.  For my parents’ generation illegitimacy carried a stigma scarcely conceivable among the dozy and reproductive today.  Lives were completely ruined by it.  But ... for tens of thousands of girls the American military man was just too glamorous and exciting, and too much fun in some very grey times, to ignore.  It wasn’t as if there were thousands of English boys around anyway.

Even so, giving oneself to a negro - American or otherwise, soldier or not - brought into focus a swathe of other, painful moral issues.  Irrespective of the elitist sensibilities of the Whitehall official with his Herrenrasse fears, the public had what might be termed a “direct” understanding of negroes.  As understandings go, it was a rather better and more honest one than the so vibrant, so-so enriching official bilge that gets pumped at people today.

It was also too implacable to be blown away by a few cries of “racism”.  For the family to rally round a daughter who produced an illegitimate white baby was one thing.  It was completely another if that baby was black.  No tales of a loved father lost at sea or in battle far away could be spun to the curious and to the growing child.  A black father meant one type of relationship only, with no thought in the moment the deed was done for self-respect or responsibility.  It was simply too great a burden to bear through life if there was any half-acceptable alternative - and, it transpires, there was.

In fact, the alternative was a very good one from a perspective of English genetic interests.  In so far as was possible, thousands of carriers of African genes were distanced from the English genepool, while English genes travelled back to the segregated negro population of America.

I am, though, intrigued by the Home Office statement that runs: “Provided it is clear that ... there is a reasonably satisfactory home in the US ...” Did the British government fund orphanages in America?  Did they pay American couples to adopt the children?  How were these reasonably satisfactory homes secured?

We are not told.  But it is interesting to reflect on what can be achieved when the political will exists, as one suspects it must exist again some day.

Holocaust v holocaust

Several years ago, when I was researching the post-war history of Germany and the establishment of the Federal Republic, I found a library copy of Aidan Crawley’s Spoils of the War: The Rise of Western Germany 1945-1972.  It’s out of print these days.  But it was a good read, an eye-witness testimony mostly of the administration of the British Zone of Occupation, where Crawley was stationed.

Still, this was the first time I had read in any detail of the rapine onslaught of the Red Army, and the terrible conditions in the West visited upon the German civil population.  Their daily ration of calories was lower than that fixed by the SS for camp inmates.  Yet the Army threw good food away because they could not eat it all, and forbade locals from scavenging for it.  Crawley witnessed the spread of tuberculosis among the ruins and, inadequately treated, the toll it claimed through the terrible winter of 1946/7.

He savaged the French administration to the north for their staging of insanely grandiloquent military displays, the purpose of which was to teach the German dogs how a cultured victor behaves.  Meanwhile, of course, the dogs were starving.

But the French, as always, were of passing importance.  It was for the Americans, and most especially the high American hand in policy for all three zones, that he reserved his greatest ire.  He deplored the treatment of German soldiers, and did not shrink from calling the worst of it torture.  He railed, too, at the American insistence on reparations - in effect ripping out every worthwhile industrial machine and denying the people any chance of much-needed, normal economic activity.

Crawley, an exceptional man, died penniless in 1993 and amid much personal tragedy, which has continued to stalk his family in the years since.  I am glad, though, that he wrote Spoils of the War and helped introduce me to this extraordinary time in Europe’s history.

In April this year, though, another, weightier book was published about the same period.  It is After the Reich: From the Liberation of Vienna to the Berlin Airlift by Giles Macdonogh.  The Telegraph reviewed it on 18th April:-

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The Destruction of Ethnic Germans and German Prisoners of War in Yugoslavia, 1945-1953

By Tomislav Sunic

From the European and American media, one can often get the impression that World War II needs to be periodically resurrected to give credibility to financial demands of one specific ethnic group, at the expense of others. The civilian deaths of the war’s losing side are, for the most part, glossed over. Standard historiography of World War II is routinely based on a sharp and polemical distinction between the “ugly” fascists who lost, and the “good” anti-fascists who won, and few scholars are willing to inquire into the gray ambiguity in between. Even as the events of that war become more distant in time, they seemingly become more politically useful and timely as myths.

German military and civilian losses during and especially after World War II are still shrouded by a veil of silence, at least in the mass media, even though an impressive body of scholarly literature exists on that topic. The reasons for this silence, due in large part to academic negligence, are deep rooted and deserve further scholarly inquiry. Why, for instance, are German civilian losses, and particularly the staggering number of postwar losses among ethnic Germans, dealt with so sketchily, if at all, in school history courses? The mass media—television, newspapers, film and magazines—rarely, if ever, look at the fate of the millions of German civilians in central and eastern Europe during and following World War II. [1]

The treatment of civilian ethnic Germans—or Volksdeutsche—in Yugoslavia may be regarded as a classic case of “ethnic cleansing” on a grand scale. [2] A close look at these mass killings presents a myriad of historical and legal problems, especially when considering modern international law, including the Hague War Crimes Tribunal that has been dealing with war crimes and crimes against humanity in the Balkan wars of 1991-1995. Yet the plight of Yugoslavia’s ethnic Germans during and after World War II should be of no lesser concern to historians, not least because an under­standing of this chapter of history throws a significant light on the violent break-up of Communist Yugoslavia 45 years later. A better understanding of the fate of Yugoslavia’s ethnic Germans should encourage skepticism of just how fairly and justly international law is applied in practice. Why are the sufferings and victimhood of some nations or ethnic groups ignored, while the sufferings of other nations and groups receive fulsome and sympathetic attention from the media and politicians?

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Holodomor noticed

Eric Margolis on the Stalinist mass murder of the Ukrainians:

Among these monstrous crimes, Ukraine stands out as the worst in terms of numbers. Stalin declared war on his own people. In 1932 he sent Commissars V. Molotov and Lazar Kaganovitch, and NKVD secret police chief G. Yagoda to crush the resistance of Ukrainian farmers to forced collectivization

Ukraine was sealed off. All food supplies and livestock were confiscated. NKVD death squads executed “anti-party elements.” Furious that insufficient Ukrainians were being shot, Kaganovitch “the Soviet Adolf Eichmann” set a quota of 10,000 executions a week. Eighty percent of Ukrainian intellectuals were shot.

An insightful article from a wise Irishwoman

I have been reading “Freedom at Midnight,” the popular classic of 30 years ago that recounted the coming of democracy to India. The authors, journalists Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre, capture the end of the Raj with sweep and drama, and manage to make even the dividing of India and Pakistan--I mean the literal drawing of the lines between the two countries, by a British civil servant--riveting. But the sobering lesson of this history, the big thing you bring away, is this: They didn’t know.

Mountbatten and Nehru and Jinnah were brilliant men who’d not only experienced a great deal; they’d done a great deal, and yet they did not know that the Subcontinent--which each in his own way, and sometimes it was an odd way, loved--would explode in violence, that bloodlust would rule as soon as the Union Jack was lowered.

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Athens plague was typhoid fever.

The plague which struck Athens during the Peloponnesian War was not smallpox after all. It was typhoid fever.

http://dsc.discovery.com/news/briefs/20060123/typhoid_his.html

Anyone who mentions Thucidydes in public is probably a Straussian.

The most gruesome multicult of all?

One of the most obvious of human instincts is the desire to propagate our genes. We want to reproduce ourselves, which helps to explain not only our desire to have children, but also our instinct to live in continuity amongst our own racial kin.

At one level, the political class recognises this instinct to propagate genes. It is, after all, an aspect of the Darwinism to which the political class strongly adheres. For instance, when discussing human evolution, the Australian leftist John Bradford is happy to explain that,

“Both men and women are driven by the unconscious imperative to transfer as many of their individual genes, and in as great a number as possible, into succeeding generations.”

So what we have is a strong human instinct urging us to have children and to preserve communities based on kinship, with the liberal intelligentsia giving this instinct a strong recognition in terms of human evolution.

And yet, despite this, the Western intelligentsia acts directly against this instinct by advocating unrestricted immigration and racial diversity (John Bradford, for instance, later in his article mocks white men for their “nationalist resentment” in seeking to exclude a world of “others”.)

But perhaps this should not be so surprising. What if the problem that liberals have with the propagation instinct is exactly its importance to individual life? If you are seeking to create a “free” man, who authors his own self as he chooses, then it is exactly the strongest and most deeply felt instincts which will seem most limiting or oppressive and which the “liberated” individual will most want to prove his distance from.

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North American Carrying Capacity and the Northern European Agricultural Tradition

View this QuickTime movie of world crop cover since 1700 for evidence that Northern European “immigrants” to North America pulled their weight by increasing the carrying capacity.  This increase in carrying capacity is something necessary (but insufficient) to justify foreign immigration and it is something no other immigrant group has approached since.  With the exception of trade in African slaves by the southern plantations—plantations best seen as a part of the Central and South American tradition of centralized land ownership where slave trade was part of the practice—the US and Canada were built by Protestants deriving their yeoman farmer tradition from pre-theocratic northern European agricultural practices.

The brainwashing of minds in the Multicultural totalitarian state

From the BNP’s website

Islam’s place in British history
14th December 2005

The Islamic terror began in ‘the terrible summer of 1625’ when North African corsair slave raiders invaded and devastated the southern coasts of England, and for a short while even raised the green battle standard of Islam over English territory that had engraved upon it the terrible promise “The gates of Paradise are under the shade of swords .” From the coast of Cornwall, Devon, Dorset and Southern Ireland the Islamic slave raiders murdered and stole away entire villages to be sold into slavery in the Islamic Empire of the East.

The slavers in 1625 from that one raid alone then returned to Algiers with a thousand British men, women and children to be sold into slavery. In total the North African Islamic pirates abducted and enslaved more than 1 million – 1.3 million White Europeans between 1530 and 1780 in a series of raids that depopulated coastal towns from Sicily to Cornwall.

To keep the slave population stable, around one-quarter had to be replaced each year, which for the period 1580 to 1680 meant around 8,500 new slaves a year, totalling 850,000 slaves taken. The same methodology would suggest 475,000 were abducted in the previous and following centuries. From 1500 to 1650, when trans-Atlantic slaving was still in its infancy, more white Christian slaves were probably taken to Barbary than black African slaves to the Americas.

According to one estimate, 7,000 English people were abducted between 1622-1644, many of them ships’ crews and passengers who were stopped and seized by slave traders mid voyage.

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Bismarck and Disraeli:  A small reflection

I take a great interest in 19th century history.  I think you have to know at least the late 19th century to understand all that has happened since. It was after all the era that produced Karl Marx, the most influential misanthrope of all times.  But Marx was such an intellectual midget and such a depicable character (even his own father, the kindly Heinrich Marx, thought that Karl was not much of a human being) that it is no wonder his legacy has been so malign.

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Pandemics through the ages

This article provides us with a perspective on what earlier generations lived through and survived. 

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Focal Point Photos

David Irving has acquired some heretofore unseen photos of Hitler and Mussolini: Series 1, Series 2, Series 3.

David Irving’s Action Report.

UPDATE: (Nov. 5, 2005 at 10 PM CST)

The hysteria and anger caused by posting photos of a long gone era is extraordinary in itself. These photos are artifacts of history, and I would have posted them if they were photos of Bismarck, Truman, Eden, Clemenceau, or Stalin and Lenin.

I suspect had I posted heretofore unseen photos of Lenin and Stalin not a peep of protest would have been posted, despite that regime’s butchery of Eastern Europe.  I suspect the conditioning of television “miniseries” and ominous “Third Reich” exposes on the “History Channel” have forever polluted the water on this subject.

It is true in the past I have called for an honest re-examination of WWII, yet the initial posting of these photographic artifacts of history had nothing to do with that theme.  Also, I am not a collector of Nazi era kitsch, and nor is this posting a manifesto representing some sort of political philosophy.

UPDATE (10:30 PM CST)

Others now speculate that this posting was some sort of publicity stunt, and that - most unfortunately - the “historic mission of MR” has been comprimised. Perhaps MR’s panzers won’t make the line from Archangelsk to Astrakhan by the winter?

No Piccadilly in Baghdad

Pity Grandpappy who didn’t have to live clean like those poor boys in Iraq.

Viscount Horatio Nelson

As I hope we all know, last Friday was the 200th anniversary of the destruction of a large Franco/Spanish fleet at Trafalgar by a British force under the command of Admiral Nelson—thus ending the threat of an invasion of England by Napoleon.  In the expected politically correct way, official British government celebrations have been muted for fear of “offending the French”.  See one account of that here.

So I am going to do my little bit here to mark the event and I don’t give a damn about whom it might offend. 

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The anniversary of an unsolved killing

In North London on the 4th or perhaps 5th of October 1985 a car driven by a young black male was stopped by the police.  It was immediately noticed that the road tax disc did not match the vehicle.  It was a none too clever substitute.  The driver made matters worse for himself by providing a false name, and was duly arrested.

At Tottenham police station the driver told his interviewers that his real name was Floyd Jarrett.  A decision was taken to conduct a search of his home address.  Four officers were detailed for the task.  For reasons one can only speculate the arrival of the officers caused panic among some of the occupants.  In the furore Jarrett’s mother, Mrs Cynthia Jarrett, collapsed.  She had a weak heart and this was the moment it gave out.  The police officers did everything they could to save her but she was pronounced dead on arrival at hospital.

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What Victor Davis Hanson Does to History

I own three books by Mr. Hanson, and have read a fourth. Little did I know when the Neo-Cons pulled GWB’s strings that Hanson, whether for fame or money, would join the government’s propaganda team. Realizing the depth of this infamy, both by the government and Hanson, I nearly trashed his books: anything published by Hanson since 2001 is tainted by official propaganda and not worth owning. Hanson’s great book remains The Other Greeks (1995).

Counter Punch magazine has published a well deserved take down on Hanson, though I still prefer the critique at TOQ. 

Raico on Churchill

Thanks to Michael R for sending me this lecture (excerpt) to the Mises Institute by Ralph Raico, titled Rethinking Churchill.

Raico’s argument is that, whilst magnificent as a war-time leader, all his life Winnie was an indefatigable Welfarist/Warfarist.  Notwithstanding the inevitable anti-statist slant underlying Raico’s thinking, I think he is broadly right.  Winnie can certainly be criticised for his lack of Conservative principles (any principles at all, according to Raico).  That lack is most starkly visible in the destructive consequences of so many of his actions.

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American Nationalism

While I wouldn’t quite agree with his political characterisations, the War Nerd provides us with a few more clues about the decaying, wilting superpower that cannot summon the courage to shoot a motley gang of criminals in New Orleans...........

Extinct Since Desert One

By Gary Brecher

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Clyde Wilson from Chronicles Magazine

On the Alamo

The Alamo is an exhibit of Texan valor and Southern valor. If we call it “American” we might be tempted to think of the U.S. Army and then the U.S. government, neither of which deserves any credit for the Alamo. Soon, we will have conflated the heroes of the Alamo with the US government soldiers so eloquently eulogized by Lincoln, who destroyed the “Union” and founded the “Nation” at Gettysburg. When we have slipped into this way of thinking we have falsified the central story of American history by erecting a fake nationalist continuity….

On the South

…let me point out the nationalist trick of adopting from the South as “American” anything that is favorably regarded, while only the disfavored things are described as “Southern.” Thus we have books on “Celtic” valor to avoid discussing the disproportionate contributions of Southerners to American heroism. We have “country” music rather than Southern music. We have Texas, when she is in good favor, denominated as “Western” and not “Southern.”

On Contemporary America

…America in our time cannot have a real history, because America today does not have a real people. …The inhabitants of the United States are corralled under the same territorial monopoly of force and exploitation; they share the same bread and circuses. They are not a people, only the motley subjects of an empire. Aggregations of Oprah watchers, sports fans, and mall shoppers do not a people make.

Chronicles Magazine

A short history of Australia: How it was won and lost

I received the following from an Australian reader signing himself as John Moffat.  The original Moffat was a remarkable man, a founding spirit of the Australian north.  Indeed, he was known to his contemporaries as “The Wonder of the North”.  With gratitude to both Moffats I’m pleased to post this piece.  It encapsulates all that drives us to reject the course laid out by our elites, and to reach out to all those like ourselves seeking the survival of the West.
GW

It was a shimmering dream – a dream that was for a short time realized, and then tragically allowed to fade:  a continent for a people and a people for a continent.

In one of history’s brighter moments, the British Empire, the greatest ever known and wearing the zenith of Western civilization like a crown, cast a far flung outpost into the deeper reaches of the Pacific – an eighteenth century equivalent to a colony on the Moon.

The only previous human habitation comprised scattered bands of nomadic hunter-gatherers numbering around 300,000 in total with only the barest minimum of social organization.  The descendants of these people claim as their most impressive achievement a 40,000 year long ‘occupation’.  That indeed is a long period for time to stand still.

Whites quickly went to work taming a most inhospitable and unforgiving land.  In less than a human life span, these convicts, soldiers, free settlers, administrators and adventurers had transplanted the civilization of their former homelands so successfully it was a perfect outgrowth.  Not more than a century since the first fleet of tall ships glided into what was to become known as Sydney Harbour, the country was enjoying close to the highest standard of living in the world.  It had become in fact ‘the working man’s paradise’.  The term, ‘the lucky country’, originally coined by a bitter cynic, seemed to fit so well it came to be innocently accepted as well meant.  Luck, gold and sudden fortunes however formed a miniscule part of the story.  The remainder was written in sweat, blood, grief, despair and unconquerable spirit.

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Imperial Propaganda 2005 AD

By 200 AD Rome had just finished with the antics of Commodus, a man that fancied himself Hercules; Cicero, Ceasar, Pliny, Cato, and the citizen soldiers of the Republic that rose, despite disaster at Cannae (216 BC), chasing Hannibal from Italy, were long dead.

What remained in 200 AD was a Rome ruled by despots and filling with rootless human debris from all parts of the Empire. This was the Rome of `Bread and Circuses’, and not Horatius at the Bridge. But how we suffer today! Even in a story about history and archeology we, the remnants of another mighty civilization, have to endure the cheap imperial propaganda of our day:

Rich and poor, traders and bureaucrats*, slaves and the free often lived cheek-by-jowl in the most multicultural and vibrant city of its age. BBC 2005

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A libertarian view of Winnie

A few extracts of a revisionist account.  It is rather unbalanced but is nonetheless factually correct

To gain any understanding of Churchill, we must go beyond the heroic images propagated for over half a century. The conventional picture of Churchill, especially of his role in World War II, was first of all the work of Churchill himself, through the distorted histories he composed and rushed into print as soon as the war was over. In more recent decades, the Churchill legend has been adopted by an internationalist establishment for which it furnishes the perfect symbol and an inexhaustible vein of high-toned blather. Churchill has become, in Christopher Hitchens’s phrase, a “totem” of the American establishment, not only the scions of the New Deal, but the neo-conservative apparatus as well politicians like Newt Gingrich and Dan Quayle, corporate “knights” and other denizens of the Reagan and Bush Cabinets, the editors and writers of the Wall Street Journal, and a legion of “conservative” columnists led by William Safire and William Buckley. Churchill was, as Hitchens writes, “the human bridge across which the transition was made” between a noninterventionist and a globalist America. In the next century, it is not impossible that his bulldog likeness will feature in the logo of the New World Order.

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