“Stereotype Threat”

I commented fairly acerbically in April 2004 on the latest gambit among psychologists for explaining away low average black IQ and educational attainment.  It is the “stereotype threat” theory.  The theory seems to have a number of incarnations but at its wackiest, it says that blacks do poorly because they are afraid of letting down their race!  Nonsense as gross as that hardly needs comment but let me simply ask:  If such fears exist at all, why do they not make the student try harder and thus do better?

A somewhat more reasonable theory is that blacks “drop their bundle”:  They know that they are on average unlikely to do well so don’t really try to do well.  All the studies that I have heard of over the years tend to show, however, that blacks have unusually HIGH motivation in the testing situation—so that theory need not detain us.

In that situation, psychologists have had to devise ever more dubious experiments to support their ideas.  The latest appears to be a study reported here of which we read: “In their spring study of 81 students at Boca Ciega High School in Gulfport, Brett Jones and Tom Kellow investigated “stereotype threat,” a phenomenon in which students worry their failure might confirm a negative belief about their race’.

They found that giving a test under “threatening” conditions—where students were told that the result would predict their later educational success—produced much lower scores among blacks than when the test was given with a more reassuring introduction.  Under the more reassuring condition, scores of blacks and whites were about the same.  The authors concluded that the findings supported their theory.

It is difficult to know where to start in commenting on such nonsense.  Quite aside from the total disregard for sampling that is characteristic of most psychological research, Occam’s razor has been completely ignored.  If the findings show anything, they simply show that blacks handle stress less well.  There is no need to bring “stereotypes” into the explanation.  But the gaping oddity in the findings is that blacks and whites did in one condition do about equally well on the test.  That is totally contrary to all prior findings where some attempt at sampling was used and suggests that the whole setup was severely contrived in some way and that the results therefore tell us nothing at all.  To put it as politely as I can, there was at least a very strong “Rosenthal” (experimenter expectation) effect at work.

I am not the first to find the “theory” risible.  Steve Sailer also dissects it and there is an even more savage takedown at Gene Expression.  Charles Murray is probably the most succinct of us all, however.  Of the original study in the field, he says:  “Claude Steele and Joshua Aronson, demonstrated experimentally that test performance by academically talented blacks was worse when a test was called an IQ test than when it was innocuously described as a research tool. Press reports erroneously interpreted this as meaning that stereotype threat explained away the black-white difference. In reality, Messrs. Steele and Aronson showed only that it increases the usual black-white difference; if one eliminates stereotype threat, the usual difference remains”.  See also here and here.

Posted by jonjayray on Monday, January 9, 2006 at 01:46 AM in IQ and Heredity
Comments (29) | Tell a friend

Comments:

Posted by Metzger on January 09, 2006, 02:32 AM | #

I have read numerous articles that describe the intense peer-pressure that blacks apply to other blacks to not succeed academically.  Many blacks view studying and scholastic achievement as “acting white”, i.e. something to be avoided. 

Does this make it sound like blacks are wearing themselves down worrying about whether they will confirm any stereotypes about themselves as low-achievers?

Posted by Al Ross on January 09, 2006, 02:56 AM | #

In other fields of endeavour where they under-perform (marriage, law-abiding behaviour,rate of employment) Blacks dont seem to concern themselves with White opinion of their conduct. Too many apologist witchdoctor-psychologists are demeaning their profession by writing guesswork like this.

Posted by Mark Richardson on January 09, 2006, 03:37 AM | #

As a teacher, one thing I find interesting is that even the most intelligent Islander and Aboriginal students usually end up peforming poorly because their attendance is so inconsistent.

I taught an obviously intelligent Islander girl and Aboriginal girl last year, who should have been “A” students. But the attendance of both was less than 50%.

When I mentioned this to a senior teacher, he replied that our school had rarely succeeded in getting an Islander or Aboriginal student past Year 10 (age 16).

So the academic underperformance has something to do with application as well as genetic intelligence.

Posted by Metzger on January 09, 2006, 03:49 AM | #

In other fields of endeavour where they under-perform (marriage, law-abiding behaviour,rate of employment) Blacks dont seem to concern themselves with White opinion of their conduct. Too many apologist witchdoctor-psychologists are demeaning their profession by writing guesswork like this.

Exactly. This was what I was trying to say in my first post.

Posted by Marc on January 09, 2006, 04:46 AM | #

Whatever happened to the principle of Occam’s Razor, i.e. that when there are multiple explanations for something (in this case, low IQ test scores among blacks) the simplest explanation (that blacks have low IQs) is often the best?

Posted by Marc on January 09, 2006, 04:48 AM | #

My mistake.  JJR already mentioned Occam’s Razor…

Posted by Calvin on January 09, 2006, 09:16 AM | #

If Black IQ was influenced by White racism, then so would every other non-White ethnic minorities. The Chinese IQ would indicate that, not only do White people have no prejudice towards Orientals, but that they actually like Orientals more than they like White people. It would be the same with Jews. White people like and respect Jews more than they do their own ethnic kin. If White racism was a major influence on Black IQ, Africans, who are a majority in their own countries would have higher IQs than Black Americans who are a minority. Instead they have lower average IQs than Black Americans. Of course, Black Americans are about 20% White.

Posted by John S Bolton on January 09, 2006, 09:20 AM | #

The testing found no such effect, except in one questionable instance. Even if such an effect were found in odd settings here and there, it goes against the pattern in the world, where blacks do better the smaller their numbers are as a percentage of the total population of reference. How is stereotype threat supposed to operate in Africa or in an-all-disadvantaged minority environment? Yet those places are where the worse and worse levels of underperformance are found. Are they trying to explain why tens of millions of blacks have beben to college in the world, and not one has won a nobel prize in science or medicine?
These people have so much explaining to do; the absolute failure of decades of priority government programs to equalize the performance of the tropical-adapted.

Posted by Guessedworker on January 09, 2006, 12:04 PM | #

On this evidence the poor black lambs must also worry ever so about the “threat” from research into cranial capacity and brain size.  But then why do all those black males shave their heads to so generously display their cranial endowment?  Smooth move, brutha.  Or maybe not.

Posted by Geoff Beck (aka Leslie) on January 09, 2006, 01:53 PM | #

Two Men [sic Negroes] Charged In Slayings of 7 in Richmond Homes

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/01/08/AR2006010801015.html

Posted by Geoff Beck (aka Leslie) on January 09, 2006, 01:54 PM | #

The victims were white, not that it matters of course.

Posted by Kubilai on January 09, 2006, 02:45 PM | #

From Geoff’s article…

All seven victims had been bound, police said. They said the Harveys’ throats were cut and their home set on fire. Police have not said how Tucker and the Baskervilles were killed.

This is absolutely grisly and disgustingly heinous.  Cutting the throats of children?  Turnabout should be fair play to these two apes.

Posted by J Richards on January 09, 2006, 03:29 PM | #

Important Update:

Damn filthy Razib!  I apologize to anyone who clicked on the GNXP link above, only to be redirected to a pornographic page showing a mentally ill white woman having sex with Negroes.  Filthy Razib has apparently set up his [Movable Type] system to redirect all http referrals from majorityrights.com to a goddamned pornographic site.  Well, I just routed the GNXP link through a page that will strip the http referrer showing majorityrights.com.  His rerouting definitely applies to his movable type archives, i.e., any reference to GNXP that shows MT2 in the hyperlink needs to be routed through an intermediate page such as the one I have used above (hold the mouse over the GNXP link to see how to do this).  I will check to see if the same thing applies to the blogger archives of GNXP.  I hope that EE has some utility to alter all gnxp links with one click because we surely have several links to GNXP MT2 archives in our entries.

Filthy Razib can expect to be “praised” a lot more by me.

Posted by Guessedworker on January 09, 2006, 04:17 PM | #

But at least we know where Razib got his head full of misceginating with blond women.

Posted by Voice on January 09, 2006, 04:59 PM | #

I hope people like Steve Sailer and even Vdare.com see GNXP as the vile genocidal maniacs that they are through this. Sailer thinks these guys are swell and Vdare thinks GNXP HBD arguments “works” for their cause too.

Anyone that would take delight in the rape of any human being, is a dangerous person indeed.

This is why I enjoy Majority Rights, the men(nearly all except a few notable exceptions) have understood what we are up against, and it is the complete subjugation of our people and disintegration our cultures and traditions.  Anything other outcome, is no doubt racist.

In this GNXP example, the delight in the rape of white women and miscegenation with any race without comment or recourse by white male population is victory in itself and a source of great joy.

Posted by Fred Scrooby on January 09, 2006, 05:57 PM | #

Does anyone know who over there did that?  Was it Razib?  I wouldn’t have expected that of him.  Nor of GC, though I have less-than-zero respect for GC on general grounds.  Whoever did that is truly pathetic.

Posted by Svigor on January 09, 2006, 06:11 PM | #

Razib’s just having his fun now because he knows he and his carry the seed of the west’s destruction.  There’ll be no more porn under Dar al-Islam.

So the academic underperformance has something to do with application as well as genetic intelligence.

I think eventually we might stop referring to simply intelligence and begin using the term behavioral genetics or somesuch; surely high mean testosterone and androgen-receptor levels don’t impact positively on black performance, nor do the other indicators of (relative) psychopathy in SSAs.

If Black IQ was influenced by White racism, then so would every other non-White ethnic minorities.

Devil’s advocate, this isn’t so.  A minority is not a minority is not a minority.

Posted by J Richards on January 09, 2006, 06:14 PM | #

Update:

EE does have a facility for a one-click change of a given text in the main fields of all entries, and I used it to redirect links to GNXP entries through an intermediate page, but I had to take care of the links in the comments individually.  Hopefully, I got all of them.

Fred Scrooby,
This is almost certainly Razib’s work since he is the webmaster of his site.  The link to the home page of gnxp is not problematic since Razib apparently does not manage his site’s server, but the links to gnxp MT archives are being routed to a filthy porn page.

Posted by Svigor on January 09, 2006, 06:17 PM | #

Black students in the first group scored far worse than white students. In the second group, without any mention of the high-stakes test, black students and white students scored nearly the same.

This is probably just the usual crap: whites underperform because the test is meaningless (and probably even subtly disparaged by the test-givers (think 60 Minutes here)), and the gap is miraculously closed.  Yippee.

Posted by Phil on January 09, 2006, 10:22 PM | #

I apologize to anyone who clicked on the GNXP link above, only to be redirected to a pornographic page showing a mentally ill white woman having sex with Negroes.

It says something about his low taste, obviously. Not that the modern mind ought to worry about such things. Life for those boys is a non-stop masturbation fantasy.

But even more so, the amount of porn they watch would seem to indicate that they have no success with attractive women. For the sex starved, porn becomes indispensible.

Posted by Marc on January 09, 2006, 10:33 PM | #

Svigor,

Go back and read Sailer’s or Murray’s take on the study.  The white and black test scores never converged.  The standard gap got WIDER under the “stereotype threat”, but was reduced to its NORMAL LEVEL absent the stereotype threat.  These findings were then grossly distorted to match what people want to believe.

Posted by Phil on January 09, 2006, 10:59 PM | #

On this evidence the poor black lambs must also worry ever so about the “threat” from research into cranial capacity and brain size.  But then why do all those black males shave their heads to so generously display their cranial endowment?  Smooth move, brutha.  Or maybe not.

LOL

Posted by The Second Voice on January 10, 2006, 01:35 AM | #

set up his [Movable Type] system to redirect all http referrals from majorityrights.com to a goddamned pornographic site. - J Richards

J Richards doesn’t seem to have a problem with porn… in the following link, Richards perused many porn sites to *supposedly* find pictures of “Nordic nostrils,” which he admitted in a conversation with Arcane, when he still visited this site and before you guys chased him away.

http://majorityrights.com/index.php/weblog/comments/does_race_mixing_increase_physical_attractiveness/

Posted by Svigor on January 10, 2006, 01:59 AM | #

Svigor,

Go back and read Sailer’s or Murray’s take on the study.  The white and black test scores never converged.  The standard gap got WIDER under the “stereotype threat”, but was reduced to its NORMAL LEVEL absent the stereotype threat.  These findings were then grossly distorted to match what people want to believe.

Yeah, I gathered as much after reading more.

Posted by Svigor on January 10, 2006, 02:02 AM | #

J Richards doesn’t seem to have a problem with porn… in the following link, Richards perused many porn sites to *supposedly* find pictures of “Nordic nostrils,” which he admitted in a conversation with Arcane, when he still visited this site and before you guys chased him away.

Go back to GNXP (but make sure you don’t click through any old links here, unless you’re looking for porn that is).

Boy is that ever classy, lol.  *Porn redirects*!

Posted by Fred Scrooby on January 10, 2006, 03:17 AM | #

“Arcane, when he still visited this site and before you guys chased him away.”

Chased him away?  Can you show where anyone chased him away, Second Voice?  (Or should I address you as “The Other Guy,” since I suspect that’s who you are?) I remember he kept making an annoying little pest of himself, every five minutes slandering this or that person here.  I for one finally got sick and tired of it and told him where to get off.  That’s not what I call “chasing someone away.”

“Richards perused many porn sites to *supposedly* find pictures of ‘Nordic nostrils’ ” (—The Other Guy ... Ooops!  Make that, “The Second Voice” ...)

OK, that’s what Richards was doing.  What was whoever it was over at GnXp doing?

Posted by Phil on January 10, 2006, 08:09 AM | #

Boy is that ever classy, lol.  *Porn redirects*!

(chuckle)

The work of a real intellectual heavyweight.

Posted by J Richards on January 11, 2006, 04:12 AM | #

The Second Voice,

I couldn’t help avoid porn sites to get the pictures of the nostrils.  However, I only posted pictures of the faces of the women and offered no links to porn sites.  Razib went beyond indecency in having traffic from MR to gnxp redirected to an interracial group sex site with filthy and graphic images.

Posted by JB on January 11, 2006, 04:28 AM | #

Solving The African IQ Conundrum : “Winning Personality” Masks Low Scores

http://www.vdare.com/misc/rushton_iq_conundrum.htm

It may be surprising to learn that Blacks also have higher self-esteem than Whites and East Asians. This is true even when Blacks are poorer and less educated. In one large study of 11- to 16-year-olds, Blacks rated themselves as more attractive than did Whites. Blacks also rated themselves higher in reading, science and social studies (but not in mathematics).

The Blacks said this even though they knew they had lower actual academic achievement scores than White children.

In contrast, East Asian students, even though they score higher in academic achievement than Whites, often score lower in self-esteem.

What I am suggesting then, is that Blacks have a self-assured “bright” talkative, personality, which leads many people to over-estimate their abstract reasoning ability. East Asians provide a “compare and contrast” case study with people under-estimating their IQ because of their quietness and otherwise “subdued” personality profile. East Asians who average higher than Whites on IQ tests (107 versus 100) have often been described to me as seeming “dull and uncreative” compared to Whites, achieving what they do only through unimaginative rote learning, imitation, and memorization.

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