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Science News
Two critical questions that remain unanswered:
1) How does one come to identify with a group?
2) What are the environmental triggers of oxytocin?
Science 11 June 2010:
Vol. 328. no. 5984, pp. 1408 - 1411
DOI: 10.1126/science.1189047
Prev | Table of Contents | Next
REPORTS
The Neuropeptide Oxytocin Regulates Parochial Altruism in Intergroup Conflict Among Humans
Carsten K. W. De Dreu,1,* Lindred L. Greer,1 Michel J. J. Handgraaf,1 Shaul Shalvi,1 Gerben A. Van Kleef,1 Matthijs Baas,1 Femke S. Ten Velden,1 Eric Van Dijk,2 Sander W. W. Feith3
Humans regulate intergroup conflict through parochial altruism; they self-sacrifice to contribute to in-group welfare and to aggress against competing out-groups. Parochial altruism has distinct survival functions, and the brain may have evolved to sustain and promote in-group cohesion and effectiveness and to ward off threatening out-groups. Here, we have linked oxytocin, a neuropeptide produced in the hypothalamus, to the regulation of intergroup conflict. In three experiments using double-blind placebo-controlled designs, male participants self-administered oxytocin or placebo and made decisions with financial consequences to themselves, their in-group, and a competing out-group. Results showed that oxytocin drives a “tend and defend” response in that it promoted in-group trust and cooperation, and defensive, but not offensive, aggression toward competing out-groups.
1 Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Roetersstraat 15, 1018 WB Amsterdam, Netherlands.
2 Department of Psychology, Leiden University, Postbox 9555, 2300 RB, Netherlands.
3 Stichting AllesKits, Cypruslaan 410, 3059 XA Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Milgram replicated: perfectly ordinary people can all-too-easily become torturers
Same genes may govern intelligence and sperm quality
Remains of Copernicus' identified
Neural pathways spectacularly imaged by MRI
Women walk swinging their hips all month to disguise ovulation and promote monogamy. So is hip-swinging more of a European thing?
Prehistoric cave paintings took up to 20,000 years to complete
Tidy conservatives, messy liberals?
First dig for 44 years dates Stonehenge at 2300 BC
The face of Neanderthal woman revealed
Brains and the taxi driver - or, maybe, why so many Jews used to drive London's black cabs
Why we are evolved to be superstitious
Study suggests AIDS-resistant gene less common where Romans ruled
Women and property are the cause of male aggression
Facial roundness in the male correlates with aggression.
Whadd'ya know, I'm not a Neaderthal after all
The Pill may change women's choice in men
The Neanderthal murder mystery
Male lust really is blind
German villagers share DNA with cavemen
US researcher discovers link between voting booth location and voting preference
Sexual orientation nature, not nurture
Cannabis may shrink brain
Gene evidence supports "Out of Africa" 200,000 years ago
Conservatives Happier Than Liberals
Women's voices more attractive during ovulation
Human line split in Africa long before migrations north
Japanese researchers find evidence that the need to belong is "biologically coded"
Analytical technique shows how metabolism varies between populations
James Watson's genome sequenced , and “It was so profound, how little we were actually able to say"
Nationally representative American study finds no difference in testosterone levels between black and white men. The latest on racial differences in testosterone.
Racial differences in eye anatomy
Sex differences in sex drive, sociosexuality, and height across 53 nations
Penis review: smaller in Asians but no clear differences among other races
Self-pleasing behavior in Britain vs. China
National IQs predict differences in scholastic achievement in 67 countries.
650,000 genetic markers and inferred population structure.
Inferred population structure from 525,910 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) plus 396 copy-number-variable loci.
Ethnocentrism increases during the first trimester of pregnancy.
Important research on the nature of prejudice.
Swedish men more masculine than Greenland Inuit.
“Ethnic identity” predicts experimental pain sensitivity. Make that racial differences.
Childhood IQ predicts changes in IQ in later life.
A Dutch IQ study and the latest on the relation between the Flynn effect and g (general intelligence factor).
Development trends in the intellectual similarity of virtual twin pairs: additional proof that the shared family environment has increasingly less impact with time throughout childhood.
Among prepubertal children, boys with average inteliigence have higher testosterone than mentally challenged and intellectually gifted boys; no relation in girls.
