Paradise lost: Remote Henderson Island in the South Pacific is covered in 18 tons of our trash

Posted by DanielS on Tuesday, 16 May 2017 12:02.

Henderson Island has long been regarded as one of the most remote and pristine islands in the world, but trash washing up on shore is turning it into a landfill. - J. Lavers 2015

Popular Science
, “This remote island in the South Pacific is covered in 18 tons of our trash”, 15 May 2017:

Paradise lost

Henderson Island has long been regarded as one of the most remote and pristine islands in the world, but trash washing up on shore is turning it into a landfill.

Traveling by ship, it takes about 13 days to reach Henderson Island from New Zealand. Hidden in the South Pacific, 3000 miles from anywhere, this UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Pitcairns is “one of the most pristine islands left in the world, never inhabited by humans, rarely visited even for research purposes,” says Jennifer Lavers.

Hundreds of crabs, like this one photographed on Henderson Island, now make their homes out of plastic debris. J. Lavers 2015

After she and her colleagues disembarked on Henderson Island in May 2015 to do some ecology research, they didn’t see another ship until they got picked up at the end of August. But even though humans rarely touch the island, our fingerprints are all over it: during their stay, Lavers and her fellow researchers found that this remote island is home not only to endangered petrels and nesting sea turtles, but approximately 37,661,395 pieces of manmade trash.

Their findings are published today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. After digging up a startling amount of garbage during their beach survey, Lavers (a marine ecotoxicologist from the University of Tasmania) and Alexander Bond (a conservation scientist from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds) concluded that this remote island has the highest density of trash ever reported in nature.

By their calculations, Henderson is littered with at least 17.6 tons of (mostly plastic) trash—and every square meter of the beach gets around 27 new pieces of junk added to its collection every day.

David Barnes, a marine ecologist who studies plastic pollution at the British Antarctic Survey, calls this number ‘pretty scary.’ “In less than a century, plastic has made a world of difference in so many ways. We may spend centuries undoing some of the very serious problems, even if we start now,” he says. “Unfortunately the most remote wilderness spots are becoming testament to the scale of the problem, not just for biodiversity but for us.”

What’s scarier is that Henderson Island’s 17.6 tons is nothing compared to the the total weight of garbage on the planet. In fact, we create exactly that much plastic every two seconds. (Here’s a list of a few ways you can cut down on the amount the trash you generate, just in case you’re now panicking like I am.) Five trillion bits of plastic are estimated to be swilling around our oceans, but we don’t know where most of it ends up once it gets there. Today’s study indicates that remote islands like Henderson may be holding onto some of those “lost” plastics, becoming our unintentional landfills.

“Remote studies like this help us to understand rates of accumulation, composition, and fate of plastic pollution,” says Barnes, who was not involved in the study. Although the amount of trash that gets deposited varies from coastline to coastline, Lavers and Bond hope that doing more beach surveys will help to plug in some of the missing pieces of the plastics puzzle. Plus, these studies are cheaper than trawling through the garbage patches in the ocean.

“The human footprint is everywhere,” says Lavers, “and it runs deeper than most of us imagine.”



Comments:


1

Posted by Trump pulls out of Paris climate accord on Fri, 02 Jun 2017 20:00 | #

Telegraph, “Donald Trump pulls US out of Paris climate accord to ‘put American workers first”, 2 June 2017:

  Barack Obama leads chorus of condemnation
  France, Italy, Germany defend Paris Accord; ‘no renegotiation’
  Macron delivers unprecedented English address against Trump
  Elon Musk quits Trump’s advisory councils after decision
  Theresa May tells Trump of ‘disappointment’ over decision

Donald Trump has announced that he will withdraw the US from the Paris climate change agreement.

The decision was condemned immediately by environmental campaigners and by the president’s political opponents who said it heralded the death of America’s position as a global leader.

 


2

Posted by MIT Dr. Reilly cries for planet on Sat, 03 Jun 2017 06:08 | #

Dr. Reilly, whose MIT study was misrepresented by Trump as justification to pull out of the Paris agreement is not as concerned for his personal reputation -  he literally broke down in tears when he said that he is “not so much concerened bout his career as is concerned about where the planet is heading.”


3

Posted by Al Ross on Sat, 03 Jun 2017 08:24 | #

It is imperative that President Trump earmarks taxpayers’ money , oh wait, no, it’s borrowed from China, to compensate China with regard to Gullible, sorry Global Warming.


4

Posted by DanielS on Sat, 03 Jun 2017 09:08 | #

The money issue is one thing, not sure how that calculates yet - economic travesties are quite possible under its rubric. However, we all have a stake in the environment irrespective of that. The reason I put a comment on the warming issue under this post, is because Henderson Island is a graphic illustration of the world being not so big as to not be impacted by human waste and effluence.


5

Posted by Big oil lauds Paris pullout but warns rising sea on Wed, 14 Jun 2017 09:24 | #

Reveal News, “Big Oil lauds Paris pullout but warns of rising seas, severe storms”, 12 June 2017:

Fossil fuel companies are among the biggest supporters of President Donald Trump’s decision to pull out of the Paris climate accord. Yet federal documents reveal that some companies are well aware of the severe risks of a warming planet.

In filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, several oil and pipeline companies acknowledge that climate change – which the fossil fuel industry has contributed to significantly – could undermine their bottom line and threaten their most valuable physical assets, including pipelines, oil storage “tank farms” and export terminals.

“Climate change may adversely affect our facilities and our ongoing operations,” reported Phillips 66, in 2015 and 2016 annual risk assessments to the SEC. The threats, according to the company’s filings, “include rising sea levels at our coastal facilities, changing storm patterns and intensities, and changing temperature levels.”

“As many of our facilities are located near coastal areas, rising sea levels may disrupt our ability to operate those facilities or transport crude oil and refined petroleum products,” the company states in its SEC 10-K filings. “Extended periods of such disruption could have an adverse effect on our results of operation. We could also incur substantial costs to protect or repair these facilities.”

       
A Port Arthur, Texas, petrochemical facility is covered in floodwaters in the aftermath of Hurricane Rita.Credit: David J. Phillip/Associated Press

Fossil fuels produced by oil and gas companies are by far the leading contributor of greenhouse gases that are warming the planet. More than 5,000 million metric tons of carbon dioxide were emitted in the United States from the combustion of fossil fuels in 2014, out of the total greenhouse gas national inventory of about 6,900 million metric tons.

Mandated by the SEC, the companies’ annual 10-K reports are intended to warn investors about all future risks to their assets and income.

“Some climatic models indicate that global warming is likely to result in rising sea levels, increased intensity of hurricanes and tropical storms, and increased frequency of extreme precipitation and flooding,” states the 2014 10-K filing from oil infrastructure giant Kinder Morgan, which owns or operates 84,000 miles of pipeline.

“We may experience increased insurance premiums and deductibles, or a decrease in available coverage, for our assets in areas subject to severe weather,” the company added. “To the extent these phenomena occur, they could damage our physical assets, especially operations located in low-lying areas near coasts and river banks, and facilities situated in hurricane-prone regions.”

Some companies edge close to climate denial in their filings, while hedging their bets.

“As a commercial enterprise, we are not in a position to validate or repudiate the existence of global warming or various aspects of the scientific debate,” declared Enterprise Products, the $52 billion pipeline and oil storage company, in its 2016 10-K filing. “However, if global warming is occurring, it could have an impact on our operations. For example, our facilities that are located in low lying areas such as the coastal regions of Louisiana and Texas may be at increased risk due to flooding, rising sea levels, or disruption of operations from more frequent and severe weather events.”

Yet companies that, even cautiously, give a nod to the potential threat of climate change stand in contrast to the ongoing denial within the Trump administration and the president’s decision to quit the Paris accord.

Recently Trump has sent mixed signals on whether he thinks climate change is real and caused by human activity. But he has repeatedly called it a “hoax,” and reportedly cited inaccurate weather reports as reason to doubt climate science and to abandon the Paris deal. (This did not stop Trump’s business operation from explicitly citing global warming and sea-level rise in a 2016 application to build a seawall to protect Trump’s Irish golf course.)

Environmental Protection Agency Director Scott Pruitt, whose close ties with energy companies have been widely reported, said in March that he did “not agree” that human activity is “a primary contributor to the global warming that we see.” Last month Pruitt said that “human activity contributes to it in some manner.”

Some companies seem progressive compared with these comments from Trump and his administration. Royal Dutch Shell on its website acknowledges “the significance of climate change” and endorses various “pathways to decarbonisation.”

[...]

 


6

Posted by Environmental catastrophe of plastic debris on Tue, 09 Jan 2018 18:33 | #

Special report: A Plastic Tide, an environmental catastrophe

in Mumbai -


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D35YnZ7_WxM

and Midway -


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lsJqMmuFWO4

 


7

Posted by Trump expands offshore oil assault on biodiversity on Fri, 12 Jan 2018 09:45 | #

Trump Expands Offshore Drilling in “Assault” on Biodiversity and Coastal & Indigenous Communities


8

Posted by Plastic Particles Contaminating Bottled Water on Thu, 15 Mar 2018 17:20 | #

Yahoo News, 15 Mar 2018:

Top Bottled Water Brands Contaminated with Plastic Particles: Report

Sci-Tech & Health

Tags: business health industrialists mental health natural health plastic science water crisis

The world’s leading brands of bottled water are contaminated with tiny plastic particles that are likely seeping in during the packaging process, according to a major study across nine countries published Wednesday.

“Widespread contamination” with plastic was found in the study, led by microplastic researcher Sherri Mason of the State University of New York at Fredonia, according to a summary released by Orb Media, a US-based non-profit media collective.

Researchers tested 250 bottles of water in Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Lebanon, Mexico, Thailand, and the United States.

Plastic was identified in 93 percent of the samples, which included major name brands such as Aqua, Aquafina, Dasani, Evian, Nestle Pure Life and San Pellegrino.

The plastic debris included polypropylene, nylon, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which is used to make bottle caps.

“In this study, 65 percent of the particles we found were actually fragments and not fibers,” Mason told AFP. “I think it is coming through the process of bottling the water. I think that most of the plastic that we are seeing is coming from the bottle itself, it is coming from the cap, it is coming from the industrial process of bottling the water.”

Particle concentration ranged from “zero to more than 10,000 likely plastic particles in a single bottle,” said the report.

On average, plastic particles in the 100 micron (0.10 millimeter) size range—considered “microplastics,”—were found at an average rate of 10.4 plastic particles per liter.

Even smaller particles were more common—averaging about 325 per liter.

Other brands that were found to contain plastic contaminated included Bisleri, Epura, Gerolsteiner, Minalba and Wahaha.

Experts cautioned that the extent of the risk to human health posed by such contamination remains unclear. “There are connections to increases in certain kinds of cancer to lower sperm count to increases in conditions like ADHD and autism,” said Mason.

“We know that they are connected to these synthetic chemicals in the environment and we know that plastics are providing kind of a means to get those chemicals into our bodies.”
Time to ditch plastic?

Previous research by Orb Media has found plastic particles in tap water, too, but on a smaller scale.

“Tap water, by and large, is much safer than bottled water,” said Mason.

The three-month study used a technique developed by the University of East Anglia’s School of Chemistry to “see” microplastic particles by staining them using fluorescent Nile Red dye, which makes plastic fluorescent when irradiated with blue light.

“We have been involved with independently reviewing the findings and methodology to ensure the study is robust and credible,” said lead researcher Andrew Mayes, from UEA’s School of Chemistry.

“The results stack up.”

Jacqueline Savitz, chief policy officer for North America at Oceana, a marine advocacy group that was not involved in the research, said the study provides more evidence that society must abandon the ubiquitous use of plastic water bottles.

“We know plastics are building-up in marine animals, and this means we too are being exposed, some of us, every day,” she said.

“It’s more urgent now than ever before to make plastic water bottles a thing of the past.”


9

Posted by mancinblack on Thu, 15 Mar 2018 18:08 | #

The River Tame in Denton, Greater Manchester has an unwanted record, the highest level of plastic particles - 517,000 particles of plastic particles per square metre of sediment - in the world. The next highest are the beaches off South Korea.

https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/river-tame-plastic-pollution-microbeads-14407335


10

Posted by Dead whale - 64lbs of plastic in its stomach on Thu, 12 Apr 2018 04:14 | #

CNN, “A sperm whale that washed up on a beach in Spain had 64 pounds of plastic and waste in its stomach”, 11 April 2018:

hen a young sperm whale washed up on a beach in southern Spain, scientists wanted to know what killed it. They now know: waste—64 pounds of it. Most of it plastic, but also ropes, pieces of net and other debris lodged in its stomach.

The discovery has prompted authorities in Murcia, Spain, to launch a campaign to clean up its beaches.

“The presence of plastic in the ocean and oceans is one of the greatest threats to the conservation of wildlife throughout the world, as many animals are trapped in the trash or ingest large quantities of plastics that end up causing their death,” Murcia’s general director of environment, Consuelo Rosauro said in a statement.

El Valle Wildlife Center found 64 lbs of plastic waste on a young sperm whale.

A sperm whale’s diet is usually comprised of giant squid. But the 33-foot long mammal that washed up on the beach of Cabo de Palos on February 27 was unusually thin.

The necropsy results, released last week, listed just some of the items scientists found stuck in its stomach and intestines: plastic bags, pieces of net, a plastic water container.

Officials said the whale died of an abdominal infection, called peritonitis: It just couldn’t digest the waste it had swallowed, causing its digestive system to rupture.

The six-ton mammal was found on February 27 on the beach of Cabo de Palos.

This, say officials, is a concern not only because sperm whales are endangered, but also because it’s another grim reminder of just how much plastic waste is being dumped into the ocean.

Around 150 million tons of plastic are already floating in our oceans—with an additional eight million tons entering the water each year, according to the World Economic Forum.

A report, released last month, found 70% of marine litter is non-degradable plastic. And that figure is expected to triple within a decade.

Plastic has been found to choke marine wildlife, and has also entered the ocean food chain—exposing marine life to toxic chemicals that can end up in the food on our plates.

Murcia’s new campaign will include 11 events to clean the beaches. Jaime Escribano, spokesman for Murcia’s environmental department, said the region will use both regional funds and assistance from the EU for the campaign.


11

Posted by Seattle bans single use plastics on Tue, 03 Jul 2018 01:09 | #

Washington Post, “Seattle becomes first major U.S. city to ban straws”, 1 July 2018:

In one fell sip, Seattle on Sunday became the first major U.S. city to ban drinking straws, an environmentally friendly move that leaders hope will spark a nationwide conversation about small, everyday changes that people can make to protect the planet.

A decade ago, the city adopted an ordinance requiring that all one-time-use food-service items be compostable or recyclable, according to the Seattle Times. But straws and other utensils were exempted from that law because there were not many good alternatives.

So the straws stayed, along with the environmental problems they cause.

Most plastic straws aren’t heavy enough to make it through industrial recycling sorters, according to the Strawless Ocean campaign, and can ruin an otherwise good load of recycling. Or they end up getting blown out of trash cans and car windows and ultimately wind up in the oceans, where they can hurt wildlife.

Strawless Ocean estimates that 71 percent of seabirds and 30 percent of turtles have some kind of plastic in their stomachs. The organization says ingested plastic can increase the mortality rate of marine life by 50 percent.

Now customers at grocery stores, restaurants, food trucks, even institutional cafeterias have to find another way to get liquid into their mouths. Compostable paper and plastic straws are allowed under the ban. People who have a medical need to use a straw are exempt.

Failure to comply may result in a $250 fine, although city leaders told the Times that the initial phase of the law is more about raising awareness.

In September, 150 businesses participated in Strawless in Seattle, an attempt to reduce the use of plastic straws. In that month alone, Strawless Ocean estimates, 2.3 million plastic straws were removed from the city.

“When you get your iced latte, you’re going to get a straw. When you go get your mojito, you’re probably going to get a straw,” Dune Ives, executive director of the Lonely Whale Foundation, which led the campaign, told the Times. “Once we start observing our daily life, it’s really easy to see how quick” the plastic adds up.

U.N. Goodwill Ambassador Adrian Grenier has lent his celebrity to the #StopSucking campaign.

  .@KidSuper designed these limited edition tees to support @LonelyWhale. Wear your support for the #ocean, get yours: https://t.co/YcfagyUEs9 pic.twitter.com/qcXViMzn9N
  — Adrian Grenier (@adriangrenier) August 8, 2017

But consumers also have been putting pressure on companies to do away with plastic straws. There is, for example, a petition on Change.org demanding that McDonald’s switch to strawless lids.

“Imagine a world where we could stop consuming 500 million straws a day, just in America!” the campaign says. “Imagine a world that is less dependent on plastic. That’s change we can start today!”


12

Posted by Single use plastics on Sun, 19 Aug 2018 00:49 | #

BBC, “Public ‘back’ taxes to tackle single-use plastic waste”, 18 Aug 2018:

               

Yes, how about taxing the supply side for making this invincible garbage and effluent?

There is high public support for using the tax system to reduce waste from single-use plastics, the Treasury says.

A consultation on how taxes could tackle the rising problem and promote recycling attracted 162,000 responses.

Treasury Minister Robert Jenrick said the government was looking at “smart, intelligent incentives” to get plastic producers to take responsibility.

Reports suggest a levy on manufacturers and some disposable plastic products may be introduced in the Budget.

It could include measures such as a tax on single-use coffee cups.

  What are the alternatives to plastic?
  Two-thirds of plastic food pots unrecyclable
  50 nations ‘curbing plastic pollution’

Responding to the consultation, the Treasury said it wanted to promote the greater use of recycled plastic in manufacturing, discourage plastics that are difficult to recycle - like carbon black plastic - and reduce demand for single-use items, including coffee cups and takeaway boxes.

Mr Jenrick said: “I’ve been overwhelmed by the public support and the responses we’ve received will be invaluable as we develop our plans for using the tax system to combat this.

It’d be good to eliminate as much as possible “single Use plastics”, of course, but the term has a suspiciously conservative, placating sound to it, like “illegal immigration.”  ....as if putting a dent in single use plastics is enough and as if re-usable plastics are unproblematic.


13

Posted by Biodegradable cornstarch cup functions as plastic on Sun, 19 Aug 2018 05:31 | #

       

Super cool. “Plastic” cup and lid of coffee cup (rest of which is paper) are made of corn starch. Behaves just like plastic but biodegrades in 30 days. This is a Welsh council doing this. Zero single use plastic. If they can afford to so can Starbucks/Costa et al.


14

Posted by mancinblack on Sun, 19 Aug 2018 11:27 | #

Chilean researchers Roberto Astete and Christian Olivares have produced a new type of plastic bag, derived from limestone, that biodegrades in five minutes.

“With the eyes of the press upon them, Astete and Olivares demonstrate two products ; plastic bags that dissolve in cold water and reusable canvas bags that break down in hot water. “What remains in the water is carbon” says Astete, which medical tests have shown “has no effect on the human body”. To prove that what is left behind in warm water is harmless he drinks a few glasses of the water”.

“The main difference between traditional plastic and ours is that traditional plastic   remains 150 and 500 years in the environment and ours lasts only five minutes. You can decide when to destroy it. Today the recycling machine could be your washing machine or saucepan”.
The bags are expected to be on sale in Chile from October.

https://elpais.com/elpais/2018/08/01/inenglish/1533122791_820772.html


15

Posted by EU to ban single use plastics by 2021 on Fri, 26 Oct 2018 15:19 | #

New Observer, “EU Parliament Bans Single-Use Plastics by 2021”, 26 Oct 2018:

The European Parliament this week passed a law banning single-use plastics—such as straws, cotton buds, balloons and many sorts of beverage containers—by 2021, and obliged plastic bottle manufacturers to recycle 90 percent of their products by 2025.

“The amount of plastic marine litter in oceans and seas is growing, to the detriment of ecosystems, biodiversity and potentially human health, and causes widespread concern,” the law says in its preamble.

“At the same time, valuable material that could be brought back into the economy is lost, once littered. Plastic makes up 80-85% of the total number of marine litter items, measured through beach counts.

“Single Use Plastic (SUP) items represent about half of all marine litter items found on European beaches by counts. The 10 most found SUP items represent 86% of all SUP items (constituting thus 43% of all marine litter items found on European beaches by count).

“Fishing gear containing plastics accounts for another 27% of marine litter items found on European beaches. This initiative focuses therefore on the 10 most found SUP and fishing gear, which together represent around 70% of these marine litter items by count.”

“Due to its persistency, the impacts of plastic litter are growing as each year more plastic waste accumulates in the oceans. Plastic residues are now found in many marine species – sea turtles, seals, whales, birds as well as in several species of fish and shell fish and therefore enter the food chain.

“In addition to harming the environment and potentially human health, plastic marine litter damages activities such as tourism, fisheries and shipping,” the law adds.

Items identified as dangerous include food containers, beverage cups, beverage containers, caps and lids, beverage bottles,  cotton bud sticks, cutlery, plates, stirrers, straws, sticks for balloons, balloons, packets and wrappers, tobacco product filters, sanitary wet wipes, sanitary towers, lightweight plastic carrier bags and fishing gear.

An impact assessment conducted on behalf of the EU found three categories of items:

– Items for which there are available sustainable alternatives, the objective is to promote less harmful alternatives.

– Items for which the alternatives do not exist. For these items, the objective is to limit damages by better informing the consumers and making the producers financially responsible of the consequences on the environment.

– Items which are already well captured where the objective is to make sure that they land in the existing (or forthcoming) separate collection and recycling circuit.

Currently, Europe recycles only a quarter of the 25 million tons of plastics waste it produces per year.  Waste from cigarette butts, which can take over a decade to degrade in water, would also have to be cut by 50 percent in 2025 and by 80 percent in 2030.

The EU rules still need to be approved in talks with member states.


16

Posted by Paradise Lost: Bikini Island on Thu, 27 Dec 2018 14:13 | #

What Happened to the Nuclear Test Sites?


17

Posted by Tip of The Iceberg on Wed, 20 Feb 2019 09:31 | #


18

Posted by Kevin Michael Graceless on Wed, 08 May 2019 08:48 | #

The Pacific Garbage Patch does not care about Kevin Michael Grace’s inconvenience of having to remember to bring a bag when he goes out.


19

Posted by Banana Leaf Packaging on Tue, 11 Jun 2019 18:30 | #


In Vietnam and Thailand, banana leaf packaging is replacing plastic.


20

Posted by Plastic eating caterpillars on Thu, 11 Jul 2019 15:20 | #

The Economist

Verified account @TheEconomist

24h24 hours ago

The last most promising species, a bacterium, took more than six months to obliterate a film of plastic with a thickness of a mere half millimetre. It took the wax-moth caterpillars 40 minutes.

   

Plastic eating caterpillars could save the planet


21

Posted by mancinblack on Fri, 12 Jul 2019 18:54 | #

And if you go chasing rabbits, and you know you’re going to fall
Tell ‘em a plastic eating caterpillar has given you the call
And call Alice when she was just small
- Jefferson Airfix

“German study casts doubt on ‘plastic digesting’ caterpillars”

https://phys.org/news/2017-09-german-scientists-plastic-eating-caterpillars.html

So, maybe not then….


22

Posted by Recycling plastic bottles for subway ride on Fri, 13 Sep 2019 18:41 | #

Depositing 30 plastic bottles into a recycling machine can add up to a subway ride in Rome


23

Posted by Paul and Grace on Fri, 13 Sep 2019 22:27 | #

Earth Mother - Paul Kantner & Grace Slick


24

Posted by The toll of plastic on our oceans on Mon, 16 Sep 2019 10:17 | #

The toll of plastic on our oceans



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