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On the close relationship between speciation, inbreeding and recessive mutations

Posted by DanielS on Sunday, 07 April 2019 09:39.

On the close relationship between speciation, inbreeding and recessive mutations.

Etienne Joly1

This document has been updated! The most recent version of this document (v4) was posted on 2011 August 15. View the most recent version doi:10.1038/npre.2010.5003.3;  IPBS, UMR 5089, Toulouse, France, PDF (2.7 MB); Document Type: Manuscript. Date: Received 25 November 2010 14:31 UTC; Posted 29 November 2010

Subjects: Genetics & Genomics, Evolutionary Biology

Tags: speciation mechanisms inbreeding group level selection extinction mutation load

Abstract:

Whilst the principle of adaptive evolution is unanimously recognised as being caused by the process of natural selection favouring the survival and/or reproduction of individuals having acquired new advantageous traits, a consensus has proven much harder to find regarding the actual origin of species. Indeed, since speciation corresponds to the establishment of reproductive barriers, it is difficult to see how it could bring a selective advantage because it amounts to a restriction in the opportunities to breed with as many and/or as diverse partners as possible. In this regard, Darwin himself did not believe that reproductive barriers could be selected for, and today most evolutionary biologists still believe that speciation can only occur through a process of separation allowing two populations to diverge sufficiently to become infertile with one another. I do, however, take the view that, if so much speciation has occurred, and still occurs around us, it cannot be a consequence of passive drift but must result from a selection process, whereby it is advantageous for groups of individuals to reproduce preferentially with one another and reduce their breeding with the rest of the population.

In this essay, I propose a model whereby new species arise by “budding” from an ancestral stock, via a process of inbreeding among small numbers of individuals, driven by the occurrence of advantageous recessive mutations. Since the phenotypes associated to such mutations can only be retained in the context of inbreeding, it is the pressure of the ancestral stock which will promote additional reproductive barriers, and ultimately result in complete separation of a new species. I thus contend that the phenomenon of speciation would be driven by mutations resulting in the advantageous loss of certain functions, whilst adaptive evolution would correspond to gains of function that would, most of the time be dominant.

A very important further advantage of inbreeding is that it reduces the accumulation of recessive mutations in genomes. A consequence of the model proposed is that the existence of species would correspond to a metastable equilibrium between inbreeding and outbreeding, with excessive inbreeding promoting speciation, and excessive outbreeding resulting in irreversible accumulation of recessive mutations that could ultimately only lead to the species extinction.

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Joly, Etienne. On the close relationship between speciation, inbreeding and recessive mutations.

Available from Nature Precedings

Other versions of this document in Nature Precedings
v4 Posted 15 August 2011
v2 Posted 20 October 2010
v1 Posted 12 October 2010

Other versions of this document elsewhere on the web

http://arxiv4.library.cornell.edu/abs/1011.0825 :

http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00531362/fr/ (Institutional Repository): HAL repository


Salvini, Le Pen Meet, Propose Joint Rally to Announce Common Sense Revolution, Start of a New Europe

Posted by DanielS on Saturday, 06 April 2019 09:19.

Matteo Salvini and Marine Le Pen had a cordial meeting earlier this week, in which they discussed their ‘common sense revolution’ to overtake the EU for native European nationalist purposes.

“Salvini, Le Pen considering joint rally”, ANSA, 5 Apr 2019:

The leaders are thinking about holding a joint rally to close the campaign for the European elections and “announce the start of a new Europe”, according to the sources

       


I Got Your Reparations Right Here.

Posted by DanielS on Saturday, 06 April 2019 07:03.

I got your reparations right here.


Father flees to Poland with daughters after Sweden was set to give them to a Muslim foster family.

Posted by DanielS on Friday, 05 April 2019 06:03.

White children and nothing but in a (still) White city, Warsaw, Poland. 3 April 2019.

Father who escaped Sweden with daughters allowed to stay in Poland

A Russian father escaped Sweden and traveled to Poland with his three children after they were given away to a Muslim foster family. A Warsaw court has given the family the right to stay in Poland until they have been granted refugee status.

Remix, 4 April 2019:
Via IAR/PAP/Polsat News
POLSKIERADIO24.PL
Poland

The drama of 41-year-old Denis Lisov and his three daughters started in Sweden when his wife fell ill and had to be taken into hospital. The Swedish social services took the Russian man’s daughters away and gave them to an Arabic foster family.

Lisov could only visit his daughters once a week and only for a few hours, despite having full parental rights. All three of his children have Russian citizenship.

       

The Swedish social services took the Russian man’s daughters away and gave them to an Arabic foster family

Swedish authorities refused to give Lisov his children back and he decided to return to Russia with his family despite the ban. The girls were inserted into the Schengen Information System (SIS) as missing persons, which is why the Polish border guard had to detain the family when they arrived at Warsaw Chopin airport.

       

The Polish Ministry of Justice and the Polish proponent of children’s rights were informed of the issue. The representatives of the Swedish social services, the Arabic foster family and the Russian consul arrived at the airport.

Thanks to the help of the proponent, the Russian father agreed to apply for asylum for himself and his children in Poland. Owing to this decision, the family could not be given back to the Swedes.

“The court cannot send the minors to Sweden which they entered under their father’s care,” decided judge of the regional court in Warsaw on Wednesday afternoon. “Following the father’s hearing and due to the lack of proof confirming restriction of parental rights, as well as having in mind the minor’s well-being, the court has decided that they should remain in their father’s care.”

The notion of rules about foster families not respected

The Ministry of Justice also reminded that due to the efforts of Polish authorities, in December 2018, the Council of the European Union for Justice and Home Affairs passed the notion which foresees a uniform rule of respecting the cultural, religious and lingual identity of a child when it is given to a foster family.

The Ministry informed that so far, the law has not been respected and there have been situations in which children were given away to families of vastly different beliefs or from different cultures, as had happened in the case of Denis Lisov.


Pozland After Dark: Who Rules Numerica?

Posted by DanielS on Thursday, 04 April 2019 19:50.


Nation Revisited: 1973 Action Party (Union Movement) published its manifesto “Ten Points For Action”

Posted by DanielS on Monday, 01 April 2019 16:46.

Monday, 1 April 2019
Nation Revisited # 150 April 2019:

April is the Cruellest Month.

The great American poet TS Elliot (pictured) began his epic poem, “The Waste Land” with the words “April is the cruellest month”; further on he states, “London Bridge is falling down, falling down, falling down”. Unfortunately, only Greg Johnson knows what Elliot was talking about.

This April will be cruel for those who were looking forward to Britain leaving the European Union. But having waited 46 years to ‘get our country back’, another two months is not so bad.

The Brexiteers are obsessed with the idea of nationality, but we Britons are Europeans by blood, culture. If we leave the EU we will probably rejoin in a few year’s time. It’s not a perfect institution but it’s a step in the right direction - towards European unity.

Ten Points for Action

In 1973 Action Party (Union Movement) published its manifesto “Ten Points For Action”.

1. Action to Build Houses

We want Action to solve the housing problem. It should be taken out of the hands of local authorities and entrusted to Government leadership, with powers to mass produce houses and flats like an “operation of war”, turning out homes as arms and munitions were mass-produced in time of war.

2. Stop The Land and Rent Rackets

Give the Government powers to acquire land at pre-boom prices and to finance housing by low-interest charges on all non-essential and luxury buildings. Such action would bring down house prices and rents and at last provide good but cheap housing for all.

3. Stop Immigration - Start Repatriation

We want Action to ease the pressure on housing and other social problems (like the reintroduction of diseases unknown in Britain for hundreds of years) by stopping all further immigration and by repatriating all post-war immigrants to good jobs and conditions in their homelands to which prosperity has been restored by using the surplus wealth and production of united Europe. But Britain could make a start now before the complete union of Europe is achieved.

Remember that we have been advocating this policy since 1952, long before any of those now saying the same sort of thing - without the means to carry it out.

4. A Choice in Education and Health

We want Action to build good schools, colleges, universities and hospitals, just as we would mass produce houses and flats. Parents should have a choice of schools for their children. We should not be taxed to provide those health services we will never use (maternity benefits for confirmed bachelors!) but free to pay in proportion to our requirements.

5. Free Speech - Law and Order

We want Action to ensure freedom of speech for everyone, guaranteed by the Government, which has a duty to maintain law and order in the State and to take effective action against mob violence, which today denies freedom of expression to any views of which its agitators disapprove. Let us maintain local police forces with their local knowledge and experience but let us supplement them with a highly-trained, well-equipped, mobile national police force, to put down organised crime and to maintain public order.

We would ensure freedom of the Press for both newspapers and the public. Any man who felt himself misrepresented in the Press should be guaranteed (by law) equal space to reply in the newspaper concerned. This would free the public of the expense of seeking justice through costly libel action and free the newspapers from the legal blackmail of a threatened libel action by some unscrupulous racketeer.

6. Capital Punishment

The death penalty should be restored to the statute book, to be used sparingly in the case of premeditated murder. The Court of Appeal should have a solemn duty to recommend a reprieve if in any doubt. The sentence should be carried out not by hanging but by a quick and painless injection, or by some other humane method.

7. Action in Europe

To put these policies into practice Britain must advance beyond the concept of a so-called united Europe and Common Market to which the Conservative Party has at last been converted and which the Labour Party still opposes. We must advance quickly to ‘Europe a Nation’, which we have advocated since 1948. We stand for a union of all Europe. our former white Dominions and southern Africa, a great “third force” in the world, independent of both America and Russia.

This “third force” should have a central government for its defence, the economy, finance and scientific development, with power to raise wages and control prices as production increases for a guaranteed market, insulated against unfair competition from the rest of the world.

We need a European army, equipped with the most modern weapons, to defend our continent against attack from any quarter. This should be financed on a European budget instead of each small country straining its economy to finance its own defence.

8. National and Regional Governments

There should be independent national and regional governments for each European country and the main regions. This would enable England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland and other European countries and regions to have their own parliaments for internal affairs and for the preservation of their national and regional cultures.

9. The Irish Problem

The ultimate solution to the Irish problem is the union of that country within a united Europe. But the bloodshed must first be brought to an end by a free vote on a county basis in each of the Six Counties and a subsequent rearrangement of the border. The bulk of the Catholic population in the North would then be ruled (as is their wish) from Dublin, with a lessening of present tensions, the IRA would lose its bases in the North and the British Army would have a much shorter border to patrol against infiltration from the South. In this improved situation, agreement could more easily be reached on the eventual union of Ireland, with the rights of the then Protestant minority protected and guaranteed by European government.

10. Government of National Union

We stand for a government of national union and effective action, drawn from the whole nation; from the professions and the trade unions, arts and science, the law, and the armed forces. Government elected by the whole people alone should govern. It should have power to lead the economy, raising wages and controlling prices as science increased production. Then we will have cooperation instead of conflict in industry.

We want Action to halt the ‘brain drain’ and to arouse a new spirit of national service in our British people, by relating all reward directly to skill, effort, initiative and responsibility. There should be “great reward for great service”, crowned by higher pensions drawn from the wealth of the new economic system, as the reward in old age for those who had loyally served the nation throughout their lives.

Nearly fifty years later, many of these problems and their solutions remain the same, but some things have changed. The mass repatriation of immigrants is no longer possible because there are far too many of them; the old Dominions have found new markets; peace has been established in Ireland by the Good Friday Agreement; taxation has been modernised, and the Brexit fiasco has shown that a Government of National Unity is more relevant than ever. Oswald Mosley died in 1980 and the last issue of his newspaper ‘Action’ was issued in 1992. But his books are still in print and the ideology of Union Movement is propagated by the Friends of Mosley website: http://www.oswaldmosley.com

Science to the Rescue

We are trashing our environment at such a rate that some scientists think that it’s already too late to save the planet. The latest warning concerns the insects on which we rely to fertilise our crops. Most of the world’s leaders now accept that something has to be done but the leader of the so-called Free World, Donald Trump, is reopening coal mines and drilling for gas and oil. He wants the coalminer’s votes and he doesn’t care about the consequences of pollution.

President Donald Trump will not be around when our planet is turned into a desert. But our children and our children’s children will inherit seas full of plastic waste and land contaminated with chemicals. Trump will not be president forever. He may win the next election with his tax cuts and promises to stop immigration, but the founders of the United States had the good sense to limit a president to two terms.

Politicians have never been much good.  It has always been the scientists and engineers who have saved us in times of trouble. Politicians did nothing about the unsanitary conditions that existed in the nineteenth century. Contaminated water spread diseases until the great engineer Joseph Bazalgette (pictured) provided clean water and efficient sewage.

It was scientists, not politicians, who gave us the Industrial Revolution, improved agricultural output and discovered modern medicines including antibiotics. And it was engineers who built the railways, conquered the oceans and the skies and eventually got us to the Moon. This resulted in pollution but it wasn’t until the Fifties that governments have started to protect the environment.

If our World is to be saved it will be by scientists, not politicians. In fact, we may even develop computers that will consign parliaments to the scrapheap. Government by algorithm may seem far-fetched but it couldn’t be worse than the shambles of Westminster. Computer programs driven by data are not prejudiced, they are not lazy, they cannot be bribed, and they always do their best.

The Things They Say

British prime ministers are great liars. Harold Wilson devalued the pound but said that it would not effect “the pound in your pocket”. He knew perfectly well that it would directly effect everyone but his calm, pipe smoking image was reassuring. Margaret Thatcher said that she understood peoples fears of being “swamped” by immigration. Tony Blair warned us of “weapons of mass destruction”. And Theresa May starts every statement with the words “let me make this very clear, before deliberately confusing us.

Another trick is to damn us with faint praise. Before criticising the National Health Service, Nigel Farage paid tribute to the dedication of the medical staff. He would probably like to privatize the entire service but he dare not say so.

The Good Friday Agreement is another source of mendacity. Most people are thankful that peace has reigned for twenty years but there is a twisted minority that hates the Irish. They say that they want no borders in Ireland but given the chance, they would bring back border posts, guard dogs, and armed soldiers patrolling the streets.

Immigration is another subject that turns men and women into liars. When they say that they value the contribution made by immigrants, they really mean that they would like to round them up and throw them out of the country. But such a statement would never be made.

They have twisted the truth so much that nobody knows what they are talking about. Dedicated racists masquerade as liberals and lifelong pro-Europeans, like Theresa May, pretend to be Brexiteers. If they were selling soap powder instead of policies they would be charged under the Trade Description Act. Unfortunately, it doesn’t cover politicians.

In South America, in the good old days, they used to shoot lying politicians at regular intervals. This kept them on their toes until the next revolution. We are far too enlightened to follow their example but we must find a way of getting our representatives to tell the truth.

Opinions

Every month I invite those wishing to get off my mailing list to reply with the word ‘delete’. This is a requirement of the Data Protection Act, So far, less than 10% have asked to be deleted. I thank the 90% who are interested in my opinions.

Those who unsubscribe usually object to my allegedly liberal views. I am opposed to non-European immigration, but I am not obsessed by Race and I reject the Jewish conspiracy theory. The Deleted are usually patriots who have been radicalised by writers such as AK Chesterton (pictured). The following paragraph is from an essay he wrote for the British Union Journal in 1936 entitled “The Apotheosis of the Jew”.

“It is now that the Jew stands on the verge of world domination. Accepted by society in its decadence he is able to move among highly placed people and pull political strings for the international financiers; in return, he can conspire with his fellow radicals all over the world to pull financial strings for the politicians. So long as his essential “Jewishness” is concealed there is no mischief which he cannot encompass by the subtle exercise of his power; no market he cannot ‘rig’, no government he cannot crash, no foreign relationship he cannot foul, and with skill and patience no war he cannot engineer. The whole world stretches before him as his promised land.” 

AK Chesterton was right about the Jews being powerful in the USA and Europe but they hardly figure in Asia. Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Malaysian and Indian businessmen are as greedy as their Western counterparts, but none of them is Jewish. AK would have appreciated the story about the two Jews who were passing a Church. A large notice said: “Convert to Christianity and get £100. Abe went into the Church leaving Saul outside. When he returned, Saul asked him if he had converted. He said “yes, I am now a baptised Christian. “So what about the £100”. “Money, money, money”, said Abe, “that’s all you Jews think about.”

Of course, there are some readers that I don’t want. Brenton Tarrant, the Australian terrorists who killed fifty worshippers in New Zealand, is not a White Nationalist hero, he is a psychopathic killer and a suspected Mossad agent.

Alan Welfare RIP

Alan Welfare, a Former Union Movement member and lifelong Mosley supporter, died of a stroke at Weston-Super-Mare on February 28th. Here he is seen, in the background, at another funeral. He will be sadly missed by his comrades.

Jeff Wallder writes

Alan joined the Movement as a teenager in the 1960s and was an active member. He was always good company, great sense of humour and a gentleman. He did his best to prevent the decline of the country he loved and remained loyal to Mosley and to Europe until the very end. To him, we extend the full arm salute.

Terry Wilson writes

Alan was a dear friend and former neighbour who helped rejuvenate the League of St George. He had a great sense of humour and was loyal to Mosley, UM, the LSG and the vision of Europe a Nation. At demos when the reds shouted at him “Nazi”, he would calmly reply: “I am not a Nazi, I am a Fascist.” A true and loyal comrade. Our thoughts go out to Debbie, Tristan and Mikela.

Nation Revisited

All articles are by Bill Baillie unless otherwise stated. The opinions of guest writers are entirely their own. This blog is protected by the UN Declaration of Human Rights, Article 19: “We all have the right to make up our own minds, to think what we like, to say what we think, and to share ideas with other people.”

Comments

Use the facility at the end of this blog to leave a comment and read what others have to say.


Internet censorship is about to get so much worse

Posted by DanielS on Monday, 01 April 2019 05:45.


Geographical Distribution of The World’s 50 Top Billionaires

Posted by DanielS on Monday, 01 April 2019 05:32.

The Geography Of The World’s 50 Top Billionaires

Zero Hedge, 1 April 2019:

The business world has undergone considerable change in the last two decades.

While some fortunes are always reliably passed on to their respective heirs and heiresses, Visual Capitalist’s Jeff Desjardins notes that there are also entirely new industries that rise out of nowhere to shape the landscape of global wealth.

As the wealth landscape shifts, so does its geographical distribution.

The 2019 List of Billionaires

Today’s chart uses data from the most recent edition of the Forbes Billionaires List to map the distribution of the world’s richest people, and then compare that to data from 20 years prior.

We’ll start here by looking at the most recent data from 2019:

The most recent billionaires list features Jeff Bezos at the top with $131 billion, although it’s likely his recent divorce announcement will provide an upcoming shakeup to the Bezos Empire.

Bezos is just one of 21 Americans that find themselves in the top 50 list, which means that 42% of the world’s top billionaires hail from the United States.

Billionaire Geography Over Time

If we compare the top 50 list to that from 1999, it’s interesting to see what has changed over time in terms of geographical distribution. Here’s the distribution of top countries on both lists, compared:

In the last 20 years, Russia and China have stockpiled the most top billionaires, adding five and four to the top 50 list respectively. The United States added three, going from 18 to 21 billionaires over the timeframe. On the other end of the spectrum, Germany, Sweden, and Switzerland have lost the most billionaires from the top 50 ranking.


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